Criminal Law - The law dealing with crimes and their punishment, as well as with procedure for that purpose. It deals with the determination of the acts which are to be punished, the nature and extent of the punishment and the procedure to be use, At the present time, in most countries, to an increasing extend even in England, criminal law is an interpretation and application of series of statutes, usually organized into a code.
Jurisdiction - Legal authority; extent of power, An authority or power which a man has to to justice in causes of complaint brought before him. Jurisdiction may be limited either locally, as within particular territorial boundaries, or personally, as where a court has a quorum, or as to the character of the questions to be determined. A court shall not be presumed to have a jurisdiction where it does not appear to have one.
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Justification- A maintaining or showing good reason in court why one did such a thing which he is called to answer, particularly in an action of libel; a defense of justification is defense showing the libel to be true, or, in an action of assault, showing the violence to have been necessary.
Intervention- A third person not originally a party to a suit, but claiming an interest in the matter, may interpose at any stage of the suit in defense of his interest, whenever affected, either as a person or property; this is called intervention and peculiar to the Ecclesiastical and admiralty courts- Wharton.
Foreclosure - The equitable action by which a mortgagee or a pledgee or any other lien-holder cuts off the right of the debtor whose property is pledged, because of default in meeting the obligation. The foreclosure thus extinguishes that equity of redemption. The judgement in foreclosure creates a right to have the property sold at a public sale and the proceeds used to pay the debt as well as the interest and expenses. If no enough to satisfy the debt, the mortgagee is entitled to a personal judgement for the deficiency.
Acceptance of an officer- An offer to make a contract becomes a complete contract when it is accepted. This is done when the offeree indicates by some overt act that he assents to the proposal. It is generally not necessary that the acceptance be completely communicated to the offeror unless by the terms of the offer, such a communication is necessary. The most striking example of an excommunicated acceptance which competes the contract is furnished by the maintaining theory according to which an acceptance is completes when a letter containing it is deposited in the main in the ordinary course. In the some jurisdictions, communication of an acceptance is made necessary by state.
